Using water stable isotopes to better evaluate the atmospheric and land surface components of climate models Abstract Despite continuous improvements in climate models, uncertainties persist regarding the amplitude of the projected global warming and the associated hydrological changes. Better evaluating the representation of physical processes such as clouds, water vapor transport, atmospheric convection and land surface-atmosphere interactions is necessary to assess the credibility in climate change projections. To what extent could water isotopic measurements, combined with meteorological measurements, provide observable, process-oriented diagnostics to evaluate the representation of these processes in models? First, I will show the added value of water isotopic measurements to understand the reasons for a widespread bias in climate models: the moist bias in the mid and upper tropical troposphere. Using an isotopic atmospheric general circulation model (IAGCM) and various isotopic measurements, we find that the subtropical isotopic seasonality constitutes an observable diagnostic of the reason for the moist bias in models. Applying this diagnostic to 6 other IAGCMs, we find that the most frequent reason for the moist bias is excessively diffusive vertical advection or insufficient vertical resolution. We also show that models exhibiting this moist bias are likely to overestimate the future upper troposphere drying. Then, I will present the added value of water isotopic measurements for evaluating two other model components that are key in hydrological change projections: atmospheric deep convection and land surface feedbacks on precipitation.