Approach
lBench-scaled jar testing to simulate water treatment.
lCoagulant
lAlum- 100 mg/L
lFour represented oxidants
KMnO4- 1.4 mg/L
Cl2- 3.0 mg/L
ClO2 – 3.5 mg/L
O3- 0.5:1 TOC
2 water matrices
lRapid Mix:
l250 rpms for 3 min
lFloccuation taper 1:
l30 rpms for 10 min.
lFlocculation taper 2:
l20 rpms for 10 min
lFlocculation taper 3:
l10 rpms for 10 min
lSedimentation:
l0 rpms for 90 min